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This lowers the size of the average transaction in such nodes' view, thereby increasing the block size without incurring the hard fork implied by other suggestions for block size increases. Consequently, per computer scientist Jochen Hoenicke, the true block capability depends on the ratio of SegWit transactions in the block, and on the ratio of signature data.

According to Hoenicke, if native SegWit addresses from Bitcoin Core version 0.16.0 are utilized, and SegWit adoption reaches 90% to 95%, a block size of up to 1.8 megabytes is possible.citation needed.

Satoshi Nakamoto said in his white newspaper that:"The root problem with conventional currencies is all of the hope thats needed to make it operate. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the history of fiat currencies is filled with breaches of that trust. "123

According to the European Central Bank, the decentralization of money provided by bitcoin has its theoretical roots in the Austrian school of economics, particularly with Friedrich von Hayek in his publication Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined,124 in which he recommends a full free market in the production, distribution and management of money to end the monopoly of central banks.125:22.

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According to The New York Times, both libertarians and anarchists were attracted to the thought. Early bitcoin supporter Roger Ver said:"At first, nearly everyone who got involved did so for philosophical reasons. We saw bitcoin as a fantastic concept, as a means to separate money from your state. "123 The Economist describes bitcoin as"a techno-anarchist job to create an online version of cash, a way for individuals to transact without the prospect of interference from malicious governments or banks".126.

Nigel Dodd asserts in The Social Life of Bitcoin the essence of the bitcoin ideology is to eliminate money from social, as well as governmental, control.128 Dodd estimates a YouTube video, with Roger Ver, Jeff Berwick, Charlie Shrem, Andreas Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Trace Meyer and other proponents of bitcoin reading The Declaration of Bitcoin's Independence.

Bitcoin undermines governments and disrupts institutions because bitcoin is fundamentally humanitarian. "128127.

David Golumbia states that the notions influencing bitcoin advocates emerge from right-wing extremist movements like the Liberty Lobby and the John Birch Society and their anti-Central Bank rhetoric, or, more recently, Ron Paul and Tea Party-style libertarianism.129 Steve Bannon, that owns a"good stake" in bitcoin, considers it to be"disruptive populism.

It's revolutionary. "130.

But, researchers looking to Get More Information uncover the reasons for interest in bitcoin did not find evidence in Google search data that this had been linked to libertarianism.131

Bitcoin is an electronic asset designed to work in peer-to-peer transactions as a currency.5132 Bitcoins have three qualities useful in a currency, according to The Economist in January 2015: they're"hard to earn, limited in supply and easy to verify".133 But as of 2015update bitcoin functions more as a payment processor than as a currency.13431.

Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account.135 According to The Economist in 2014, bitcoin functions best as a medium of exchange.135 However, this can be debated,136 and a 2018 assessment from The Economist found that cryptocurrencies fulfilled none of these three standards.126.

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According to study by Cambridge University, between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users used a cryptocurrency wallet in 2017, most of these for bitcoin. The number of consumers has grown significantly since 2013, when there were 300,000 to 1.3 million consumers.12

The overwhelming majority of bitcoin transactions take place on a cryptocurrency exchange, rather than being used in transactions with merchants.137 Delays processing payments through the blockchain of approximately ten minutes create bitcoin use very hard in a retail setting. Rates are not typically quoted in units of bitcoin and many trades involve one, or occasionally two, conversions into conventional currencies.31 Merchants that do accept bitcoin payments can employ payment service providers to carry out the conversions.138.

In 2017 and 2018 bitcoin's acceptance among leading online retailers included only three of the best 500 U.S. online merchants, down from five in 2016.137 Reasons for this decline include high transaction fees because of bitcoin's scalability issues and long transaction times.139

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Bloomberg reported that the biggest 17 crypto merchant-processing providers handled $69 million in June 2018, down from $411 million in September 2017. Bitcoin is"not really usable" for retail transactions because of high prices and the inability to process chargebacks, according to Nicholas Weaver, a researcher quoted by Bloomberg. High cost volatility and transaction fees make paying for small retail purchases using bitcoin impractical, according to economist Kim Grauer.